Wednesday, 6 May 2015

Assessnment task 1 - Synopsis


Throughout the duration of the course thus far I have learnt a great deal about the importance of digital pedagogies in contemporary learning environments. I have become acutely aware that the learning environments of today’s schools have evolved into something quite different to those of my schooling years, and that they will continue to evolve as technology develops even further. The course thus far has also made me fully aware that the students I will be teaching upon my graduation are quite different to those of the generations before them. The weekly course materials and activities have given me an appreciation of how digital platforms and tools can facilitate learning, communication and collaboration between teachers, students and the wider community in todays rapidly evolving educational environment.

As pointed out by Honey & Sparkes in their Slidshare presentation, Generation Z have grown up with radically different experiences and references to Millennials. They are generally tech innate, with smartphones, tablets, blogs, social networks, and basically anything else web-related being integral to their daily life. Just as the new generation of students has changed, so has our understanding of the brain and how it learns. As Judy Willis argued in a video presented in week 1, it is vital to use our knowledge of how the brain learns to develop more engaging, supportive pedagogies that spark interest, encourage higher order thinking and facilitate creative expression among students. This will in turn increase the likelihood of complex learning outcomes like analysis, synthesis and evaluation.

 As stated in week 2, Digital pedagogies can increase the likelihood of complex learning outcomes through the use of ICTs in the classroom. This being said, when considering the use of ICTs in the context of Bloom’s Taxonomy, research findings suggest that while there is an increased likelihood of complex learning outcomes, simple outcomes like knowledge and understanding can be just as easily achieved without the use of ICT (see week 2 material).  Similarly when considering ICT use in the context of the SAMR model, it is important for teachers to aim to use ICT on at least the redefinition or modification levels. It is when operating at these transformative levels that complex learning outcomes are achieved rather than when the ICT is simply being used as a substitute for conventional learning activities.

For a teacher in the twenty-first century, there are almost countless numbers of online and digital ICT tools at their disposal. Teachers should be proficient in effectively using these tools themselves, as well as ensuring that their students are provided with knowledge and opportunities to use ITCs. Online spaces such as blogs, wikis and websites can be used as hubs for collaborative learning activities, communicating ideas and presenting information sources. These spaces can incorporate many other online and digital tools through the uploading and embedding of artifacts, learning materials and interactive learning activities by both teachers and students. These artifacts could include images manipulated or created with Photoshop, presentations created in Prezi, mind maps created with bubble.us or interactive timelines made on dipity. The beauty of online spaces such as blogs and wikis is that they enable interaction and collaboration, so uploaded and embedded artifacts, information and activities can be edited, discussed, authored and worked on collaboratively by students and teachers simultaneously.

Online communities and networks can be formed in these online spaces and enable many different people and groups form all over the world to communicate, cooperate and collaborate, facilitating the exchange and development of ideas. The benefits of idea exchange and collaboration are cleverly illustrated in Steven Johnson’s video ‘Where good ideas come from’. He argues that many great innovations and breakthroughs occur through collaboration and the sharing of ideas between people rather than independently working groups or individuals. Indeed, as stated in Week 7’s course material, learning no longer only takes place in the confines of a physical classroom but rather also global learning communities and networks.

As digital pedagogies become ingrained in the contemporary educational environment, it is vital that teachers also consider the legal, ethical and safety issues that arise through the use of technology in the classroom. These issues are relevant to both teachers and their students, and teachers should ensure that the implications of these issues should be made clear to students. As stated in the week 2’s course material, educational copyright laws and guidelines are also applicable in the online environment. Teachers must be well aware of the copyright restrictions of the various online materials they access and supply in their lessons. The best way for teachers to ensure they are working within copyright guidelines is to familiarise themselves with websites such as Smartcopying, the official guide to copyright issues for Australian schools and TAFE. Here they will have access to up to date guidelines for any resources they are likely to use.

It is widely known that the Internet poses serious safety issues for vulnerable children and teens if not effectively managed. As we saw in week 2’s course material, students can be exposed to inappropriate material that can be pornographic, violent and that encourages dangerous and illegal activities. Chartrooms also pose the risk of exposing users to harassment, bullying and even physical danger. Websites such as Cyber Smart are extremely valuable resources for teachers and provide valuable support and direction for the management of Internet safety. The digital footprint is also an issue great importance for teachers and students alike, and both groups need to be aware of the implications of their online activity. Guides such as the one presented on this educational website should be consulted by teachers to ensure they have a sound understanding of the importance of reputation management.

Overall I feel that I have learned a great deal about online and digital learning so far in this course, though I am certain I still have much to learn throughout the duration of my studies and future career as a teacher.

Tuesday, 5 May 2015

Reflection 6 - The importance of online communities for learning



When reflecting upon my own engagement in collaboration during the course I must admit that I have not been as active in communication as some of the other students. This is largely due to me being accustomed to working on my own and I am now aware that I must continue to increase my participation in online communication with my fellow students. The few comments I posted on other students’ blogs were generally compliments on their posts. Though I was not overly active in commenting on students’ blogs I still felt connected to our small online community as I regularly read others’ blogs and knew mine was also being viewed in turn. This enabled me to compare my ideas with those of my fellow students and look at the tasks through different perspectives. These same benefits will serve my future students upon graduation as they draw inspiration and ideas from not only their classmates , but diverse online communities.

A Blog on which I commented that consistently impressed me was ‘Digital Pedagogies in Secondary Schools’ by JessSag. I feel that this blog set a very high standard for the other students of the course and it inspired me to engage in the tasks with greater thoroughness. Reading through other student's blogs also allowed me to better understand various ICT tools presented throughout the course and even discover tools that I had overlooked in the course materials. An example of this is when I read through Brett Coleman's blog post and saw his embedded 'Thinglink' design. I had somehow unfortunately overlooked this particular tool in the week's learning material and only discovered it through reading Brett's blog. Without the access to this online community I may have missed a tool that will definitely be of use to me in the future. 

As I become more accustomed to working with online communities I will endeavour to increase my level of communication with fellow students in online communities and I am certain that it will become an everyday aspect of my studies and my future career as a teacher.



Thursday, 23 April 2015

Embedded Task 5 - Mind maps with bubbl.us


At first when I opened up this week’s learning material I was pleasantly surprised as the tools presented looked really fun and engaging. Unfortunately as I began to look more closely at each of them I found them to be not as user friendly as I might have hoped. Gapminder instantly caught my eye as I had been introduced to it last year by my mentor teacher during my professional placement. Unfortunately it appears to be impossible to embed a Gapminder video/graph on my blog. My next step was to look at Dipity as one of my majors is History so timelines are of relevance to me. I was disappointed here as I found it impossible to upload my own content, making of not much use for me at this point in time.
I eventually decided to go with bubbl.us for my reflection this week. Bubbl.us is an online tool used for producing mind and concept maps. Technically it is very user-friendly and almost anyone with basic computer literacy should have no problems whatsoever making their own mind map with this tool. It has some basic editing features that allow a moderate degree of creativity and something I really like was that you can attach images and other file to the bubbles of your mind map, though this is unavailable with the free version.
The tool is effective in creating mind maps to visually organise information and link various ideas of varying significance or relation to a central concept or topic.
As mind maps are relatively basic compared to some of the other tools we have been looking at over the weeks I could only see it being used at the augmentation level of the SAMR model. This would be achieved through presenting a mind map that has links and attachments in its various bubbles, enabling the audience to delve deeper into the idea/subject. 
Below is a mind map I made on bubbl.us displaying the main branches of geography.


Tuesday, 7 April 2015

Embedded Task 4 - Prezi

This weeks learning materials presented some very useful presentation tools that can be used by teachers and students alike. The tools are typically used by one author though they can be used to compile and present information that has been gathered through the collaborative platforms like blogs and wikis that we have been investigating in weeks prior. So in that sense they can still be incorporated into collaborative lessons.
For this weeks reflection i have chosen to discuss and analyse Prezi. This great website offers a powerful and relatively simple platform where people can create their own engaging and interactive presentations. The tool is quite simple to use and there are a number of tutorials on the website to get new users started on the right track, so anyone with a basic level of computer literacy will be able to grasp its fundamental technical aspects. Each individual presentation created through Prezi can be customised whether the user is utilising one of the many templates or starting from scratch. Images, video, audio and embedded artifacts can be added to each section of the presentation and editing tools allow creative control of the layout.
I find the Prezi platform to be much more engaging than PowerPoint, which uses linear presentation of slides. With Prezi, each section of the presentation can be examined with much more detail while maintaining focus on the subject as a whole. A huge bonus with Prezi, as opposed to power point is that a presentation could be created collaboratively as explained on the website.






SAMR Level



Modification of task/activity


Redefinition

Discussing a topic collaboratively as a class. Establishing a set of information and then constructing a presentation as a group using the collaborative function on Prezi


Modification




Incorporating images, video, audio and embedded artifacts into Prezi presentation


Augmentation
Presenting on Prezi platform enabling students to “zoom in” on certain aspects of the presentation.  Engaging layout rather than plain PowerPoint  slides


Substitution

Linear presentation using PowerPoint instead of analogue slides, print outs or whiteboard


Here is a very basic presentation I created on Prezi after watching the first tutorial.

           

Wednesday, 1 April 2015

Embedded Task 3 - Images


I was pleasantly surprised when I opened up this week’s learning material to discover that we were dealing with images, video and audio, as these are digital mediums that I am relatively comfortable with in comparison to some of the tools we have been looking at recently. I have chosen to base this week’s reflection around the use of images in learning.
The range of use for images in a learning environment is extremely large, broad and diverse. For this reason it is difficult to briefly summarise the technical aspects of this medium in this context. The broad range of use for images in the classroom, by teachers and students, makes this tool accessible to virtually anyone when used at a basic level. As pointed out in this week’s learning material, the use of images can be as simple as the presentation of artifacts or student work via digital photographs. At the other end of the spectrum, the creation and manipulation of images can require a great deal of technical expertise when using editing software such as Adobe Photoshop.
Many valuable learning outcomes can be achieved through the use of this tool. As the saying goes “a picture says a thousand words” and this is relevant to learning in the sense that images are very effective in illustrating concepts and ideas, often so more than text on its own. As pointed out on the JISC Digital Media website, images are effective in many ways such as enhancing visual communication skills and encouraging critical thinking. They can be used both as a means of presenting material as well as platforms for collaborative activities.
   
Below is a table showing how images could be used in a classroom at each level of the SAMR model, based loosely on the sample activity presented at the end of this blog entry.
 


SAMR Level

Modification of task/activity

Redefinition

Once the students have located images, illustrated their maps (by hand) they can upload a digital photo of their map to a wiki where other students and teachers can compare and discuss the maps collaboratively.

Modification

Once students have located the images (present & historical) they can draw up a map illustrating the changes that are visible in the images.

Augmentation

Students could be given the co-ordinates of the location and asked to retrieve their own images from Google Earth using the historical and image capture tools

Substitution

Images are taken from Google Earth and presented to students via a blog rather than handing out physical copies of images

           
 As I pondered the possibilities for using images in a classroom context I recalled that I had participated in an activity using aerial photos for a geography lesson during my professional placement. The lesson was conducted using printed material and I thought it would be a good idea to loosely recreate the activity on a primarily digital platform using the website I created for last week’s task. The (geography) activity requires students to analyse images of an area taken from Google Earth in 2005 and 2013 and identify the physical changes that have taken place in the area during the period due to development. The students are introduced to the topic (urban sprawl and development) on the weekly topic page with an introduction, instructions and an embedded YouTube video. From the website the students access the topic blog where they a presented with the Google Earth images and the instructions to complete the activity as seen below



Urban development activity (sample activity)

By now you should have watched the video on the challenges of urban planning presented on the Learners of the Future website. The following activity should enable you observe urban development in progress and give you an idea of how a region can change over a relatively short time, and allow you to develop some basic map skills.

Activity instructions:

1. Carefully analyse these two images taken from Google Earth of a housing development on the far south coast of NSW. One dates from 2005 and the other from 2013. What changes can you identify?

2005

2013

2. Now, on the printed map that you were given at the beginning of the lesson, illustrate (by hand) any new houses built and land cleared on the development between 2005 and 2013. I would suggest creating a key/legend for your illustrated map. For example, houses present in 2005 could be coloured red and any new buildings or cleared land could be coloured blue. This is only a suggestion and if any of you have other ideas of how to illustrate the changes on the map I would love to see them. Your completed maps are to be handed in for discussion at the beginning of tomorrow's lesson. Good luck!






Thursday, 26 March 2015

Embedded Task 2 - Websites


Though my understanding in the technical aspects of websites is very rudimentary, I am now on my way to having a basic understanding of some key concepts. Websites are created and edited by one or more authors who can custumise and edit the space at their discretion unlike wikis, and to a degree blogs, where members can add to and make changes on a collaborative platform. With website creating spaces such as Weebly anyone with a basic level of computer literacy can now create and manage their own website. These spaces offer tools that allow aspiring web authors to tailor their website to their own taste, both in terms of esthetics and functionality. As mentioned in the week 3 learning material these basic websites allow the author to upload media to customized placeholders from other websites like YouTube and Flickr. Your own artifacts, such as audio/video artifacts created in Voki, can be embedded into your website by copying/pasting codes. These features enable the websites to support a range of uploaded and embedded materials and allow them to be all presented in one space.      
            At first I was puzzled as to exactly how one might integrate a website into an effective and collaborative lesson though once I began to create my own website through Weebly some interesting ideas started coming to me. Websites are a valuable tool for both teachers and students. For teachers they provide a place to upload and embed a wide variety of materials and recourses and another important point for teachers is the fact that websites have a level of security, giving the teacher complete control of the content eliminating the possibility of it being edited by other parties. More importantly, websites are a valuable tool for students and provide platforms from which they can access a wide range of materials, recourses and activities.
            Below is a table demonstrating the use of websites at different levels of the SAMR model.





Once i had gained a basic understanding of Weebly I created my website titled 'Learners of the Future'. It's purpose is to serve as a hub that provides a platform where students can access information and then be linked to interactive spaces like blogs and wikis to discuss and analyse a topic further. Below is a screen shot of the homepage. From here students can navigate to the current topic page by clicking 'This week's topic' on the header.





Once students arrive at the weekly topic page they will find Voki avatar who will explain the lessons objectives (watch the YouTube clip on technology integration then return to the home page and access the links to the topic blog and wiki where they will engage further with the subject) and a YouTube clip.


Once the students have finished watching the clip they will access the topic blog and/or wiki through the links on the home page. Here the topic of technology integration would be discussed further with links to other resources and the students would be encouraged to comment on the blog post and they would finish by participating in the completion of the PMI chart as a collaborative group in the wiki.


This scaffolding could be used across a wide range of subjects and establishes the website as a hub from where a lesson evolves and develops.